目的 通過中藥代謝組學以及解析電離噴霧質譜成像技術（desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging，DESI-MSI）系統(tǒng)分析高溫處理前后西洋參的化學成分差異。方法 基于UPLC-QTOF-MS技術的植物代謝組學方法，結合多元統(tǒng)計分析，對高溫處理前后西洋參的化學成分進行非靶向解析。利用LC-QQQ-MS多反應監(jiān)測（multiple reaction monitoring，MRM）技術對發(fā)現(xiàn)的關鍵皂苷進行準確定量。最后，采用DESI-MSI技術分析西洋參組織經過高溫處理前后主要人參皂苷的空間分布遷移變化情況。結果 人參皂苷Rb₁、Rd、Rg₂、Rg₃和西洋參皂苷R₁共5種人參皂苷在高溫處理前后出現(xiàn)顯著變化，采用三重四級桿的定量方法證實了5種成分在高溫處理后含量均顯著增加（P＜0.05）。進一步的DESI-MSI結果表明西洋參在高溫處理后，其組織中人參皂苷Rd與Rb₁由表層向形成層、髓質部和木質部明顯遷移富集；西洋參皂苷R₁則由韌皮部和形成層向外側表皮層富集；人參皂苷Rg₂和Rg₃主要分布于木栓層及韌皮部。結論 高溫處理前后西洋參皂苷成分差異明顯，研究結果為西洋參高溫處理過程對關鍵人參皂苷的影響提供了定性、定量及空間分布的證據(jù)，為西洋參科學加工和利用提供了科學依據(jù)。

Objective The chemical composition differences in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix before and after high-temperature treatment were examined using metabolomics of traditional Chinese medicine and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). Methods A plant metabolomics method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis was employed to perform non-target screening and identification of the chemical components of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix before and after high-temperature treatment. Using LC-QQQ-MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), accurately quantification of key saponins was enabled. Finally, DESI-MSI technology was applied to investigate the spatial distribution and migration of the main ginsenosides in Panacis Quinquefolii Radix tissue before and after high-temperature treatment. Results A total of five ginsenosides, ginsenosides Rb₁, Rd, Rg₂, Rg₃ and quinquenoside R₁, showed significant changes before and after high-temperature treatment.The quantitative results also confirmed that the contents of all five ginsenosides increased significantly (P < 0.05) after high-temperature treatment. Further DESI-MSI analysis revealed that after high-temperature treatment, ginsenosides Rd and Rb₁ in the tissues of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix were significantly redistributed, migrating from the epidermal layer to the formation layer, medulla, and xylem; the quinquenoside R₁ was enriched from the ligamentous and formation layer to the outer epidermis; while ginsenosides Rg₂ and Rg₃ were mainly distributed in the cork layer and ligamentous layer. Conclusion The variations in the composition of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix saponins before and after high-temperature treatment were evident. The results of this study provided qualitative, quantitative and spatial distribution evidence for the effects of the high-temperature treatment process of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix on the key ginsenosides, and offered a scientific basis for the scientific processing and utilization of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.

R284.1

山東省中醫(yī)藥高層次人才培育項目（2023）；山東省自然科學基金資助項目（ZR202211080026）；山東第一醫(yī)科大學學術提升計劃（2019LJ003）