空間代謝組學作為代謝組學領域的前沿技術，通過整合質譜成像與代謝組學分析，打破了傳統(tǒng)代謝組學無法保留組織空間信息的局限性，實現了代謝物空間分布特征的原位可視化，為解析中藥成分的動態(tài)分布規(guī)律及代謝通路提供了技術支撐。通過概述空間代謝組學在中藥藥理毒理機制研究中的相關應用，以揭示該技術在中藥研究領域的應用潛力?；诨|輔助激光解吸電離質譜成像、解吸電噴霧電離質譜成像等質譜成像技術，直觀展現出中藥成分在靶器官中的分布特征及其代謝調控途徑，闡釋中藥在治療腫瘤、心腦血管疾病、肝病及其他炎癥相關疾病中的藥理作用機制；利用質譜成像技術對中藥毒性成分進行空間定位，并動態(tài)監(jiān)測中藥炮制減毒的代謝網絡，為中藥安全性評價提供了新維度。盡管面臨樣品制備復雜、絕對定量困難等局限性，空間代謝組學與人工智能、多模態(tài)組學技術的深度融合，將推動中藥研究從“宏觀整體”向“精準時空”轉變，推動中醫(yī)藥現代化。

Spatial metabolomics, as a cutting-edge technology in the field of metabolomics, breaks the limitation of traditional metabolomics that cannot obtain spatial information of tissues by integrating mass spectrometry imaging and metabolomics analysis, and realises the in situ visualization of the spatial distribution characteristics of metabolites, which provides technological support for analyzing the dynamic distribution and metabolic pathways of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) components. By outlining the relevant applications of spatial metabolomics in the study of pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of TCM, in order to reveal the potential application of this technology in the field of TCM research. Based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging, desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging and other mass spectrometry imaging technologies, the distribution characteristics and metabolic pathways of TCM components in target organs are visually presented, and the pharmacological mechanisms of TCM in treatment of tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver diseases and inflammation related diseases are elucidated. The use of mass spectrometry imaging technology for spatial localization of toxic components in TCM and dynamic monitoring of the metabolic network for reducing toxicity in TCM processing provides new perspectives for the safety evaluation of TCM. Despite the limitations of complex sample preparation and absolute quantification, the deep integration of spatial metabolomics, artificial intelligence and multimodal omics technology will promote the transformation of TCM research from “macro integration” to “precise time and space”, and promote the modernization of TCM.

R285

國家中醫(yī)藥管理局高水平中醫(yī)藥重點學科建設項目（zyyzdxk-2023121）；山東省中醫(yī)藥高層次人才培育項目-學科帶頭人（2023）；重慶市技術創(chuàng)新與應用發(fā)展專項重點項目（CSTB2024TIAD-LCX0001）