血腦屏障作為中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)維持內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)的重要生理結(jié)構(gòu)，其高度選擇性的通透特性在保護中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)免受有害物質(zhì)侵襲的同時，亦成為腦部藥物遞送的重大障礙。大部分化學藥物由于分子結(jié)構(gòu)、理化性質(zhì)等因素，難以透過血腦屏障抵達腦部病灶靶點，致使神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的臨床治療面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)藥實踐中，常運用石菖蒲、冰片、麝香等具有芳香開竅功效的中藥，借助其“引藥上行”之特性防治腦部疾病?，F(xiàn)代研究表明，中藥精油揮發(fā)性成分可對血腦屏障通透性進行精準調(diào)節(jié)，進而提升藥物在腦內(nèi)的分布濃度。精油作為關(guān)鍵活性組分，因其良好的脂溶性以及小分子結(jié)構(gòu)特征，在透血腦屏障方面展現(xiàn)出明顯優(yōu)勢?；谥嗅t(yī)“芳香開竅”理論，系統(tǒng)梳理并歸納了中藥精油及其揮發(fā)性成分調(diào)節(jié)血腦屏障通透性的研究進展，揭示了其調(diào)節(jié)P-糖蛋白、緊密連接蛋白，如封閉蛋白-5（Claudin-5）、閉合蛋白（Occludin）、閉鎖小帶蛋白1（zonula occluden-1，ZO-1）及氧化應激反應的作用機制，以期為腦靶向藥物遞送提供新策略。

The blood brain barrier (BBB), as an important physiological structure in the central nervous system (CNS) to maintain the homeostasis of the internal environment, has highly selective permeability properties that protect the CNS from harmful substances, but at the same time, it is also a major obstacle to drug delivery in the brain. Due to the molecular structure, physical and chemical properties of most chemical drugs, it is difficult for them to cross the BBB to reach the target of brain lesions, resulting in many challenges in the clinical treatment of neurological diseases. In the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCMs such as Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum) and Shexiang (Moschus), which have the effect of opening the orifices with aroma, are often used to prevent and treat cerebral diseases with the help of their characteristic of “guiding the medicine upward”. Modern research has shown that the volatile components of essential oils can accurately regulate the permeability of the BBB, thus enhancing the distribution of drugs in the brain. Essential oils, as key active components, show obvious advantages in BBB permeability due to their good lipid solubility and small molecule structure. Based on the theory of “aromatic opening of the orifices” in TCM, this paper systematically reviewed and summarized the research progress of essential oils and their volatile components in regulating the permeability of the BBB and investigated the mechanisms of their regulation of P-glycoprotein, tight junction proteins, such as Claudin-5, Occludin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and oxidative stress responses, with a view to providing new strategies for brain-targeted drug delivery.

R285

海南省重點研發(fā)項目（ZDYF2025SHFZ055）；國家自然科學基金資助項目（82404878）；江西省自然科學基金資助項目（20242BAB20456）；江西省“贛鄱英才”創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)軍人才項目（S2024LQCQ0477）；江西省中醫(yī)藥標委會標準化項目（2024A023，2023A16）；江西中醫(yī)藥大學博士科研啟動基金項目（2024BSZR016）；江西中醫(yī)藥大學2024年中藥科研實踐創(chuàng)新訓練項目（24KYCX-YB022）